Enhanced Carbon Electrode Fabrication for Alkaline Fuel Cells: Innovations for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The idea of the present work is associated with the investigation of perspectives for enhancement of carbon electrodes towards the application in alkaline fuel cells or AFC with consideration of such criteria as electrochemical activity, stability, and cost. It recalls the history of employing non-precious metal catalysts or NPMCs, porous carbon materials, and surface modification for improved catalytic activity and catalytic stability. Some important findings are identified with the prospect of using NPMCs as potential candidates for replacement with platinum-based catalysts, and the advantages of nitrogen and phosphorus doping in porous carbons. The study directs attention to the specific interactions between the catalyst-support and the enhancement of the material characteristics of AFC to promote sustainable energy solutions in the future